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Kate Marsden (13 May 1859 – 26 May 1931) was a British missionary, explorer, writer and nurse. Supported by Queen Victoria and Empress Maria Feodorovna she investigated a cure for leprosy. She set out on a round trip from Moscow to Siberia to find a cure, creating a leper treatment centre in Siberia.
She returned to England and helped to found Bexhill Museum, but she was obliged to retire as a trustee. Marsden's finances came under scrutiny as did her motives for the journey. She was however elected a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. She has a large diamond named after her and is still celebrated in Siberia, where a large memorial statue was erected at Sosnovka village in 2014.
Marsden had set up a St John's Ambulance group in New Zealand and she gave lectures there. In her final lecture she announced that she intended to visit Louis Pasteur in Europe, and then go on to work with Father Damien in Hawaii caring for lepers. She was given financial support to continue her work.
She travelled from Tottenham to Bulgaria with others to nurse Russian soldiers wounded in Russia's war with Turkey in 1877. Working at the Red Cross mission, her selflessness and devotion brought her an award from Empress Maria Fedorovna. Near Svishtov she reportedly met her first two lepers and they persuaded her that her mission was to work with sufferers of the disease.
She continued to work as a nurse whilst also visiting the sick but wanting to leave for the British colonies to treat leprosy. After obtaining the support of Queen Victoria and Princess Alexandra, she travelled to Russia to obtain funding from the Russian Royal family. On this basis, she was able to travel to Egypt, Palestine, Cyprus and Turkey. According to her book On sledge and horseback to the outcast Siberian Lepers, she met an English doctor in Constantinople who told her of the curative properties of an herb found in Siberia. Inspired by this information she resolved to journey to Siberia.
She helped at prisons she encountered on her journey, and gave out food to Russian prisoners as they travelled into exile, with double rations for the women who accompanied them or women who were convicts. Near her birthday in May she arrived at Irkutsk and formed a committee to address the problem of leprosy. She then travelled down the River Lena to Yakutsk where she obtained the herb that she believed might be a cure for leprosy. Although the herb did not bring the cure she had hoped for, she continued to work amongst the lepers in Siberia. Mission of Mercy, Long Riders Guild, retrieved 26 February 2014
In 1892, she became a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and she was personally given an angel shaped brooch by Queen Victoria. In 1893, Marsden travelled to Chicago to attend the World's Fair. She had a booth in the Woman's Building, and she gave a lecture about her travels (called ) to the Congress of Women, held in the Woman's Building.
In 1895, Marsden founded a charity, still active today, now known as the St Francis Leprosy Guild. Guild Founder , St Francis Leprosy Guild, retrieved 26 February 2014 In 1897, she returned to Siberia where she opened a hospital for lepers in Vilyuysk. She never fully recovered from her journey but she gave her account of it in her book On Sledge and Horseback to Outcast Lepers in Siberia, published in 1893.
She died in London on 26 March 1931, and was buried in Hillingdon cemetery in Uxbridge on 31 March. Her grave was overgrown for many years and covered in bushes. These have now been cleared, and her grave and the ones nearby are now accessible.
The monument to Kate Marsden was consecrated on 3 September 2019. Monument to English nurse and philanthropist Kate Marsden inaugurated in London , YakutiaToday.info, retrieved 16 March 2020
The Reverend Alexander Francis, an English-speaking pastor in St Petersburg, obtained a confession from Marsden of "immorality with women". Francis wrote that he also planned to publish material which would allege fraud by Marsden. This led to an investigation in Russia that cleared Marsden – dismissed by Francis as a "whitewash". A letter was also written by British and American diplomats to The Times to support her reputation in August 1894.
Marsden considered claiming libel damages against Francis. At this time, in early 1895 Oscar Wilde began his famous court battle with the Marquis of Queensbury, concerning Wilde's disputed homosexuality; Wilde lost and was ruined. Female homosexual activity was not illegal, but untrue accusations of it would certainly have seemed libellous. Marsden began a libel case, but did not proceed with her libel case because of insufficient funds.
Marsden seems to have anticipated some disbelief in her deeds and motives in her book. Moreover, she included in her book letters from important people she met on her journey which led some to think that her motives were questionable. Some described the journey as a "pleasure trip".
In 1893 Isabel Hapgood reviewed the book by Marsen describing her journey, and like others cast doubt on Marsden's efforts. It has been speculated that Hapgood may have been motivated by a feeling that Russia was her own particular area of expertise, or by homophobia.
In 1913 the Mayor of Bexhill contacted the committee and revealed that Marsden had been involved in controversy over funds and her sexuality. The Charity Organisation Society advised that Marsden was "not a fit person to manage charitable funds". She was obliged to resign. The museum still opened in 1914 but without Marsden.
The controversy surrounding Marsden was not resolved and she finished her life suffering from dropsy and senile decay. After she died, Bexhill Museum refused a portrait that was offered to them.
In 1991 a 55-carat diamond that was found in Sakha Republic was named the Sister of Mercy Kate Marsden.
In 2008 an investigation was undertaken to try to find the mystery herb that Marsden had travelled to Siberia to find. Some have supposed that the "cure" was wormwood that would have been useful in treating the patient's ulcers. The heir apparent was said to be a herb called kutchutka which was mentioned in an 1899 dictionary written in Sakha language. Felicity Aston is credited with discovering that a translation of this dictionary is a source of this herb being a "cure for leprosy".
One local herbalist said that he had used the herb several years before but it was so rare that he had not seen it recently. The researchers found the buildings that had made up the leprosarium which today are used as a village hall and as a residence in the settlement of Sosnovka which formed part of the leper hospital. The hospital closed in 1962.In 2009 a foundation stone was laid to mark Marsden's 150th anniversary for a planned memorial and park in Yakutia. In the same year the Sakha Theatre premiered a new play titled Kate Marsden. An Angel of Divine Disposals.
The Royal Geographical Society has a small collection of items that belonged to Marsden including her watch, a whistle and the brooch that was given to her by Queen Victoria.
The British Museum also has a small collection of artefacts from Siberia that she donated in 1896. British Museum Collection
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